The equatorial E-region and its plasma instabilities: a tutorial
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چکیده
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the u.s. policy in central asia and its impact on the colored revolutions in the region (the case study of tulip revolution in kyrgyzstan)
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The equatorial ionospheric irregularities have been observed in the past few years by different techniques (e.g. ground-based radar, digisonde, GPS, optical instruments, in situ satellite and rocket instrumentation), and its time evolution and propagation characteristics can be used to study important aspects of ionospheric dynamics and thermosphere-ionosphere coupling. At present, one of the m...
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In November 1999 the EISCAT high-power, high-frequency (HF) facility located near Tromsø, Norway, was used to create artificial plasma turbulence in the ionosphere. During the experiment the EISCAT 224 MHz radar and sometimes the 931 MHz radar were used to obtain measurements of incoherent scatter ion and plasma lines, and artificially enhanced spectra of E-region plasma waves were measured for...
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Linear instabilities and turbulent processes in equatorial and high-latitude electrojets lead to formation of plasma density irregularities which create much of the common E-region radar clutter. Studies of these irregularities have focused on the role of the Farley-Buneman (FB) and gradient drift instabilities with the assumption that the plasma behaves isothermally or adiabatically. In the la...
متن کاملIon thermal effects on E-region instabilities: 2D kinetic simulations
Radars frequently receive strong returns from naturally occurring plasma density irregularities centered around 100 km altitude in the atmosphere. These E-region ionospheric irregularities occur when electrojet polarization electric fields drive plasma instabilities, most commonly the Farley–Buneman (FB) and gradient drift instabilities. This paper presents results from two fully kinetic, 2D si...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Annales Geophysicae
سال: 2009
ISSN: 1432-0576
DOI: 10.5194/angeo-27-1509-2009